Mosquito bites, primarily in rural parts of Asia and the western Pacific, transmit the serious viral infection known as Japanese encephalitis. While rare in travellers, it can lead to severe neurological complications, including inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), long-term disabilities, and even death.
At the Chelsea Travel Clinic, we emphasise the importance of preventing this life-threatening disease through vaccination and mosquito bite precautions. For those planning trips to affected regions, understanding the benefits and availability of the Japanese encephalitis vaccine is essential to ensuring their safety.
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes Japanese encephalitis and primarily transmits to humans through bites from infected mosquitoes. These mosquitoes commonly breed in rice paddies, rural agricultural areas, and wetlands.
Most infections are asymptomatic or result in mild flu-like symptoms. However, in a small percentage of cases, the virus enters the central nervous system, causing severe symptoms such as:
The disease’s mortality rate in severe cases is approximately 20–30%, and up to half of survivors may experience long-term neurological impairments. These include cognitive deficits, motor disabilities, and emotional disturbances.
While Japanese encephalitis is not commonly found in the UK, it poses a significant risk to those travelling to endemic areas. The likelihood of exposure depends on several factors:
Geography: The disease is prevalent in rural parts of Asia, including India, China, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific islands.
Season: Transmission rates are highest during the rainy season when mosquito populations increase.
Duration of Stay: Long-term travellers, expatriates, or individuals spending extended periods in rural or agricultural settings are at greater risk.
Activities: Those engaging in outdoor activities such as hiking, farming, or camping are more likely to be exposed.
Children under the age of 15 in endemic areas are particularly vulnerable due to their increased outdoor exposure and lack of immunity.
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent Japanese encephalitis. While avoiding mosquito bites is important, it is not always sufficient, especially in high-risk areas where mosquito populations are widespread. The Japanese encephalitis vaccine provides reliable protection against the virus, significantly reducing the risk of severe illness.
The vaccine introduces inactive or weakened forms of the virus to the immune system, prompting the body to produce protective antibodies. These antibodies remain in the body, ready to fight off the virus if exposure occurs.
Two primary vaccines are available in the UK:
1. Ixiaro: This is the most commonly used vaccine for Japanese encephalitis and is suitable for adults and children over two months old. It is administered as a two-dose series, given 28 days apart.
2. Live-attenuated Vaccines: Used in some endemic countries but less commonly available in the UK.
The vaccine is not part of routine immunisations in the UK but is strongly recommended for specific groups:
Travellers to High-Risk Areas: Individuals planning extended stays in rural or agricultural regions of Asia should be vaccinated.
Outdoor Enthusiasts: Travellers engaging in activities such as trekking, cycling, or camping in endemic areas are at greater risk of mosquito exposure.
Long-Term Residents or Expatriates: Those relocating to endemic areas for work or study are advised to receive the vaccine.
Children: Parents should consider vaccinating young children travelling to high-risk areas due to their vulnerability to severe disease.
At the Chelsea Travel Clinic, we assess each traveller’s risk based on their destination, activities, and duration of stay, providing personalised recommendations.
As with any vaccine, some individuals may have concerns about safety and side effects. The Japanese encephalitis vaccine is generally safe, and side effects, if they occur, are typically mild and short-lived.
Common side effects include:
Severe allergic reactions are extremely rare, and healthcare professionals at the Chelsea Travel Clinic are trained to manage such situations if they arise. The benefits of vaccination far outweigh the potential risks for those travelling to high-risk areas.
Travellers preparing for trips to endemic regions can receive the Japanese encephalitis vaccine at the Chelsea Travel Clinic. Our experienced team ensures a smooth and professional vaccination experience.
1. Consultation: Schedule an appointment to discuss your travel itinerary and assess your risk.
2. Vaccination: Receive the vaccine as a two-dose series, ideally completed at least one week before departure.
3. Aftercare: Our healthcare professionals provide advice on managing any side effects and additional travel health tips.
While vaccination is the most reliable form of protection, travellers should also take steps to minimise mosquito exposure:
Combining these precautions with vaccination offers the best protection against Japanese encephalitis.
How Long Does the Vaccine Provide Protection? The Japanese encephalitis vaccine provides long-term protection, with immunity lasting for at least one year after the initial two doses. A booster dose may be recommended for those at ongoing risk.
Can Children Receive the Vaccine? Yes, Ixiaro is licensed for use in children as young as two months old, making it a suitable option for families travelling to high-risk areas.
Is the Vaccine Mandatory for Travel? The vaccine is not mandatory for travel but is highly recommended for those visiting endemic regions. Your travel itinerary and planned activities will determine whether vaccination is necessary.
Japanese encephalitis is a rare but potentially devastating disease, particularly for travellers venturing into high-risk areas. The Japanese encephalitis vaccine is a safe and effective way to protect yourself and your loved ones from this serious illness.
At the Chelsea Travel Clinic, we prioritise your health and safety, providing expert advice and vaccination services tailored to your travel plans. Whether you are embarking on an adventure, relocating abroad, or planning a family trip, our team actively prepares you for a safe and healthy journey. Book your vaccination today and travel with confidence, knowing you have taken the best steps to protect your health.
